# Two white papers: determinism and decision models
https://www.explicio.com/en/news/white-papers-determinism-decision-models/
Last updated: 2026-11-07

> Two white papers from Explicio can be downloaded from www.explicio.com, each in German and English. The first shows how the decisions of an AI knowledge management system stay reproducible on hardware that is not bit-stable; the second, how Explicio develops small decision models itself and runs them on the CPU of the Box.

RESEARCH

# Research: two white papers on reproducible decisions and our own decision models

Two white papers from Explicio can be downloaded from www.explicio.com, each in German and English. The first shows how the decisions of an AI knowledge management system stay reproducible on hardware that is not bit-stable; the second, how Explicio develops small decision models itself and runs them on the CPU of the Box.
7 November 2026 · By Explicio

Since 1 November 2026, two white papers have been available for download on www.explicio.com, each in German and English. Both are based on measurements on real hardware and state their method and their limits.

## Reproducible decisions on hardware that is not bit-stable

Large language models do not always return the same result, even at temperature=0: in the measurement, twenty identical calls on an idle server produced 17 different texts. The white paper shows where the differences come from, when a decision flips and how Explicio sets up business-critical decisions so that they stay stable. As of 20 September 2026.

- [PDF German](https://www.explicio.com/dokumente/explicio-determinismus-de.pdf)
- [PDF English](https://www.explicio.com/dokumente/explicio-determinismus-en.pdf)

## Small, calibrated, verifiable: a workshop report on Explicio pair4

Before Explicio searches, it makes up-front decisions: what does the message want, is a colloquial yes really a yes, does it need the conversation so far? The white paper describes how Explicio develops its own multilingual decision models for this and runs them on the CPU of the Box, trained without customer data. On the release test sets, pair4 identifies the intent in 95.5 % of cases and reads yes and no correctly in 94.7 %. As of 6 October 2026.

- [PDF German](https://www.explicio.com/dokumente/explicio-entscheidungsmodelle-de.pdf)
- [PDF English](https://www.explicio.com/dokumente/explicio-entscheidungsmodelle-en.pdf)
Figures, raw data and test scripts for both white papers are available on the [Explicio Campus](https://www.explicio.com/en/explicio-campus/#publikationen) page and in the Trust Center.

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